tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19393993439251038662024-03-13T12:42:47.749-07:00ArteFactaNewsAmelia Carolina Sparavignahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11547167438242656602noreply@blogger.comBlogger46125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1939399343925103866.post-6621526944861349892019-03-11T06:18:00.000-07:002019-03-11T06:18:02.768-07:00Un bicchiere divino<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUp1b1tCNxOszbHuE3A__I_zKIMN1rRVotz0y3KNiF_YB0NSj6NFmd0WZRhE28L97lwtXSLF5nfD6ZOxdTQNZ8ZAZz4utnyyGIUpy64VswF5l0HA9UVj_p-2KUHvuudilMKndUJUY_43cr/s1600/220px-La_cosiddetta__diatreta_Trivulzio__esposta_al_Museo_Archeologico_di_Milano.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="330" data-original-width="220" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUp1b1tCNxOszbHuE3A__I_zKIMN1rRVotz0y3KNiF_YB0NSj6NFmd0WZRhE28L97lwtXSLF5nfD6ZOxdTQNZ8ZAZz4utnyyGIUpy64VswF5l0HA9UVj_p-2KUHvuudilMKndUJUY_43cr/s320/220px-La_cosiddetta__diatreta_Trivulzio__esposta_al_Museo_Archeologico_di_Milano.jpg" width="213" /></a></div>
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https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coppa_diatreta</div>
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"La diatreta Trivulzio, una coppa diatreta del IV secolo conservata al Museo archeologico di Milano</div>
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La coppa diatreta (in greco: διατρητων; latino: vas diatretum, al plurale diatreta) è una tipologia di contenitore in vetro romano di lusso, diffusosi intorno al IV secolo circa, e considerato «il pinnacolo delle potenzialità dei romani nella lavorazione del vetro».[1] Le diatreta consistono di un contenitore interno e di una gabbia o un guscio decorativo esterno che si distacca dal corpo della coppa, al quale resta attaccato tramite corti supporti."</div>
<br />Amelia Carolina Sparavignahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11547167438242656602noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1939399343925103866.post-57270300584932546882018-07-18T22:20:00.001-07:002018-07-18T22:20:53.802-07:00Stretching the Boundaries: Comparing the Profiles of Caesar's Heads given by ...<a href="http://stretchingtheboundaries.blogspot.com/2018/07/comparing-profiles-of-caesars-heads.html?spref=bl">Stretching the Boundaries: Comparing the Profiles of Caesar's Heads given by ...</a>: Comparing the Profiles of Caesar's Heads given by the Pantelleria Marble Bust and by a Coin of 44 BC : Here we want to show an interesti...Amelia Carolina Sparavignahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11547167438242656602noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1939399343925103866.post-42526481802148336872018-07-06T12:30:00.000-07:002019-03-11T06:13:58.491-07:00Reconstruction of the Leiden bust of Julius Caesar<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Here two possible digital "restorations" - that is, restorations made virtually on images - are shown of a marble bust of Julius Caesar, which is exhibited by the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, Leiden.</div>
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Since the face of the Leiden marble bust, that you can see in the following image on the left, is damaged, we have to use the face of other marble busts representing Caesar.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIDN4zEhH5sz8Ppq_xrADhlIvhKHhqyusMPKnO1rVqtYoa46F9s8ps4B2JKwAX-HwOkKR8R45LwPOVV3lr0ZM-DmcD7h9Yiwjy7XLzJ04lLM-4X43N07iOrJywdARifhCv62ZIfN-vIdw_/s1600/Immagine-sequenza.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="358" data-original-width="777" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIDN4zEhH5sz8Ppq_xrADhlIvhKHhqyusMPKnO1rVqtYoa46F9s8ps4B2JKwAX-HwOkKR8R45LwPOVV3lr0ZM-DmcD7h9Yiwjy7XLzJ04lLM-4X43N07iOrJywdARifhCv62ZIfN-vIdw_/s400/Immagine-sequenza.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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The bust as it is is given on the left (Courtesy: Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, Leiden).</div>
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In the middle, the Leiden bust is digitally rstoerd using the face of the Tusculum bust. On the right you can see my lifelike rendering of the bust. Actually, the bust is one of two marble heads of Caesar that we can see at a <a href="https://www.rmo.nl/museumkennis/klassieke-wereld/romeinen/julius-caesar/">page</a> of the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden. It is the national archaeological museum of the Netherlands, located in Leiden.</div>
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However, we could use also the Chiaramonti Caesar tor estore the Leiden bust. Here the result.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOe6zK5wNKkdoubCeVpQdNAhvAYKdZKuki0QV5s4pf3nXO1o-iF-3B1Sj-JRxJ5w7-6bFtZpio4XBNoGCd2jbe2n_NKpGk6Jr3G8fZDDWSAA-6bNLGeQ76IZnQ5OauMszENZMS0RdS7KMO/s1600/Immagine-ristrutturata-ter.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="421" data-original-width="325" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOe6zK5wNKkdoubCeVpQdNAhvAYKdZKuki0QV5s4pf3nXO1o-iF-3B1Sj-JRxJ5w7-6bFtZpio4XBNoGCd2jbe2n_NKpGk6Jr3G8fZDDWSAA-6bNLGeQ76IZnQ5OauMszENZMS0RdS7KMO/s320/Immagine-ristrutturata-ter.png" width="244" /></a> </div>
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Amelia Carolina Sparavignahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11547167438242656602noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1939399343925103866.post-13229286972965083482018-06-27T00:47:00.000-07:002019-03-10T11:41:35.123-07:00Digital restoration of a Julius Caesar's marble head in Leiden<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKgHJDmkLIHTTS3NwDadYFD2KTMAQSukG4zMxJlmeQkt6ivrCZIn3dd_-M67XD8bq81rVmZtCGWW3GqGWvRGjFfFYg1fsoCmexwd583CjnCi9NuJQoAt1-VEhdTlgLVSg1zTE2Gs9LZyHp/s1600/Immagine-ristrutturata-ter.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="421" data-original-width="325" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKgHJDmkLIHTTS3NwDadYFD2KTMAQSukG4zMxJlmeQkt6ivrCZIn3dd_-M67XD8bq81rVmZtCGWW3GqGWvRGjFfFYg1fsoCmexwd583CjnCi9NuJQoAt1-VEhdTlgLVSg1zTE2Gs9LZyHp/s200/Immagine-ristrutturata-ter.png" width="154" /></a> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_gOZj1XbYPKhPUR1VcqBElJnxuIJ2DLOezM9YyZ8ytLi5nqgxsXKwI0kJqRaNzofFR_ldNofSAMxop1OW0Lks-zgyecuhSGDuczYovvNVHXz5cxu7SQoUAehUM59gy2A-QkdTkDP3p-2E/s320/Immagine-leiden-tusculum-restored.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="320" data-original-width="261" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_gOZj1XbYPKhPUR1VcqBElJnxuIJ2DLOezM9YyZ8ytLi5nqgxsXKwI0kJqRaNzofFR_ldNofSAMxop1OW0Lks-zgyecuhSGDuczYovvNVHXz5cxu7SQoUAehUM59gy2A-QkdTkDP3p-2E/s200/Immagine-leiden-tusculum-restored.png" width="163" /></a></div>
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Digital restoration of one of the two marble heads of Caesar at http://www.rmo.nl/onderwijs/museumkennis/klassieke-wereld/romeinen/de-voorwerpen/julius-caesar</div>
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The Rijksmuseum van Oudheden is the national archaeological museum of the Netherlands. It is located in Leiden. On the left, I used the face of the Chiaramonti Caesar, on the right the face used is that of the Tusculum bust. </div>
Amelia Carolina Sparavignahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11547167438242656602noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1939399343925103866.post-74032084291596363822018-06-16T04:42:00.001-07:002018-06-16T11:09:32.192-07:00Chinese and European ivory puzzle balls<br />
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From Wikipedia: <span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivory_carving">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivory_carving</a></span><br />
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"By the 18th century China had a considerable market in items such as figures made for export to Europe, and from the<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji_Period">Meiji Period</a></span> Japan followed. Japanese ivory for the domestic market had traditionally mostly been small objects such as <span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netsuke">netsuke</a>,</span> for which ivory was used from the 17th century, or little inlays for sword-fittings and the like, but in the later 19th century, using African ivory, pieces became as large as the material would allow, and carved with virtuosic skill. A speciality was round puzzle balls of openwork that contained a series of smaller balls, freely rotating, inside them, a tribute to the patience of Asian craftsmen."</div>
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Usually, many of these balls have a decorated stand made of ivory too.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK2cOKL_NZmk15gHuwgztHbjnpuzCmhspV_nF9PPD-p_s4GZRej5LAHVK1TSDht7VrCQXB_npYzBCq4zAJ8lzgPPozd1Z6Bo751RVS8L5pTQnrFG5M2KuBZwkZO4O8yGd4oW4Kob5OLhyphenhyphen8/s1600/Chinese_ivory_puzzle_ball%252C_19th_cenntury%252C_british_museum.jpg"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK2cOKL_NZmk15gHuwgztHbjnpuzCmhspV_nF9PPD-p_s4GZRej5LAHVK1TSDht7VrCQXB_npYzBCq4zAJ8lzgPPozd1Z6Bo751RVS8L5pTQnrFG5M2KuBZwkZO4O8yGd4oW4Kob5OLhyphenhyphen8/s400/Chinese_ivory_puzzle_ball%252C_19th_cenntury%252C_british_museum.jpg" /></a><br />
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Chinese puzzle ball, with openwork and a series of twelve smaller balls, ivory, 19th century. British Museum. Original photograph from Ged Carroll<br />
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Form <a href="http://tinglefactor.typepad.com/thetinglefactorbox/2013/07/where-is-the-seam-chinese-puzzle-ball.html" style="background-color: #eeeeee;">http://tinglefactor.typepad.com/thetinglefactorbox/2013/07/where-is-the-seam-chinese-puzzle-ball.html</a><br />
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"Originally, they (Chinese puzzle balls) were made almost exclusively from ivory, or the tusks of elephants and were the playthings of rich men because of the time and effort involved in making them. ... Usually, puzzle balls are symbols of good luck, and are decorated with a variety of feng shui symbols. The outermost layer often features the phoenix and dragon, symbols of yin and yang. The phoenix represents the wife while the dragon is the husband and emperor, and balls decorated with these symbols are thought to bring good luck and happiness to a marriage. In fact, almost all of the symbols most commonly associated with puzzle balls are associated with ensuring a long and happy marriage. Some balls even have different symbols on different layers, though the most common is a highly decorative outer ball and ‘latticed’ balls inside (with geometric patterns of holes)."</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrSTH3N8rOhdnxhbYUvvZ_QTCQE3JPorhl_Gp3oQzP7jG7QtWQyeknYktH2PINNgNveaytMGcLuN6UWh2aiNSW20WZ50JIMhcwRe5OSimJDwZ_Cad9sQ03IQ6v2-Ejvy5JJX71pXV3OZqI/s1600/det1.jpg"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrSTH3N8rOhdnxhbYUvvZ_QTCQE3JPorhl_Gp3oQzP7jG7QtWQyeknYktH2PINNgNveaytMGcLuN6UWh2aiNSW20WZ50JIMhcwRe5OSimJDwZ_Cad9sQ03IQ6v2-Ejvy5JJX71pXV3OZqI/s400/det1.jpg" /></a><br />
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Detail of an ivory ball on show in the German Rautenstrauch-Joest Museum. It has 16 layers, which can spin. Courtesy <span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Till.niermann">Till Niermann</a> </span>, Wikipedia.<br />
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In the above image we see an example of Canton ivory carving. From <span style="background-color: #cccccc;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingnan_culture">Wikipedia</a> </span>(on the Lingnan culture or Cantonese culture). "Canton ivory woodcarving is another well-known product from Lingnan. With a history of 2000 years, it traditionally uses ivory as raw material to make sculptures, with the Canton-style renowned for being particularly delicate and detailed without being brittle. The Cantonese people have also successfully produced the legendary craft product - Ivory ball. After the 1980s, however, international ivory trade has been banned. This results in the Cantonese people now trying to find substitute materials - materials that look and feel like but are actually not ivory - in their attempt to pass on this ancient art."</div>
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From <a href="http://www.odditycentral.com/pics/chinese-puzzle-balls-the-rubiks-cube-of-the-ancient-world.html"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;">http://www.odditycentral.com/pics/chinese-puzzle-balls-the-rubiks-cube-of-the-ancient-world.ht</span>ml</a><br />
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"Chinese puzzle balls are ornate decorative items that consist of several concentric spheres, each of which rotates freely, carved from the same piece of material. ... These detailed works of art are usually made up of at least 3 to 7 layers, but the world’s largest puzzle ball is actually made of 42 concentric balls all enclosed one within the other. Although the inner balls can be manipulated to align all the holes, Chinese puzzle balls got their name from people who, through the ages, pondered the mystery of making such objects. So how exactly are puzzle balls made? .... Chinese masters rotate a solid ball on a lathe and start by drilling holes toward the center of the objects. Then, using special “L”-shaped tools, they begin to separate the innermost balls. ... Because it is easier to work with, the exterior shell is the most elaborately carved, usually featuring an intertwined dragon and a phoenix."</div>
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Antikitera.net tells us that the first puzzle balls appeared during the Song Dynasty, around 1000 d.C.<br />
<a href="http://www.antikitera.net/news.asp?ID=11753" style="background-color: #eeeeee;">http://www.antikitera.net/news.asp?ID=11753</a><br />
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After having shown the Chinese ivory balls, it seems that the puzzle balls became popular in Europe thanks to Chinese products of the later XIXth century. However, puzzle balls existed in Europe in XVI or XVII century. Here an example.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuW4XQ6ByYwGy82ZlO3vTj7nO38zk51jJvHbkU9QHnqfk0l3mrXzkqEXiO71XPmCk6V_zZV8EZOGMECiXANZHScpnkfRI3fnX0_UnejS6V2K00a26EytBXTUJ7dNd3UAHoetxpcYWqO3nP/s1600/Immagine.jpg"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuW4XQ6ByYwGy82ZlO3vTj7nO38zk51jJvHbkU9QHnqfk0l3mrXzkqEXiO71XPmCk6V_zZV8EZOGMECiXANZHScpnkfRI3fnX0_UnejS6V2K00a26EytBXTUJ7dNd3UAHoetxpcYWqO3nP/s400/Immagine.jpg" /></a><br />
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European puzzle ball, XVI-XVII Century (Image Courtesy: Maureen and Renato Bucci, Italy). It was exhibited with a rosary having the beads made in the same manner of the ball. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTQKOmxj76XNl3OkZfm6jxoF1uHfnsz6jgk5pnPK9x5BqOrgkkg6aVm4bD0FAMXHgQcwiWzWr1yFd7evqYkl84zMlaTeWK9txdFvT5xRVLOYiFQX1WB89Rm7nR-vx3sEokWr0F84O1U1ku/s1600/rosario.jpg"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTQKOmxj76XNl3OkZfm6jxoF1uHfnsz6jgk5pnPK9x5BqOrgkkg6aVm4bD0FAMXHgQcwiWzWr1yFd7evqYkl84zMlaTeWK9txdFvT5xRVLOYiFQX1WB89Rm7nR-vx3sEokWr0F84O1U1ku/s400/rosario.jpg" /></a><br />
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The rosary, XVI-XVII Century (Image Courtesy: Maureen and Renato Bucci, Italy). <br />
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The ball shown in the image is remarkable because it looks like a Roman Dodecahedron. Actually Renato Bucci was so kind to send me the picture because of this similarity. Probably, this was an object of a Wunderkammer (in italiano, camera delle meraviglie o gabinetto delle curiosità o delle meraviglie), encyclopedic collections of objects of the Reinassance Europe. </div>
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From <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_curiosities" style="background-color: #eeeeee;">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_curiosities</a><br />
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"The Kunstkammer was regarded as a microcosm or theater of the world, and a memory theater. The Kunstkammer conveyed symbolically the patron's control of the world through its indoor, microscopic reproduction."</div>
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Here an example of Kunstkammer<br />
<a href="http://wonder-cabinet.sites.gettysburg.edu/2017/cabinet/carved-ivory-puzzle-balls/" style="background-color: #cccccc;">http://wonder-cabinet.sites.gettysburg.edu/2017/cabinet/carved-ivory-puzzle-balls/</a><br />
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Let me conclude remarking that today puzzle balls are created too. <span style="text-align: center;">Here the image of one of them, which is showing "puzzle dodecahedra". The artist that created it is Pierre Meyer is an artist who works with ivory. </span><a href="https://www.maitresdart.com/pierre_meyer-40/parcours_et_realisations.html" style="background-color: #cccccc; text-align: center;">https://www.maitresdart.com/pierre_meyer-40/parcours_et_realisations.html</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVUidpXhBpIHRZoodwMjk2A8-T5EGLcaRRx8f_9Nc3xZLca04lEn7avbggfpbObsnSxYPz3gEyrngws-CMm-YNVxjtqD_dpzC5Jml3UctZM16p6__C_XHRFg51up7-_3fp7MDV5O3cwZ-e/s1600/meyer.jpg"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVUidpXhBpIHRZoodwMjk2A8-T5EGLcaRRx8f_9Nc3xZLca04lEn7avbggfpbObsnSxYPz3gEyrngws-CMm-YNVxjtqD_dpzC5Jml3UctZM16p6__C_XHRFg51up7-_3fp7MDV5O3cwZ-e/s1600/meyer.jpg" /></a><br />
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Pierre Meyer's ivory "puzzle dodecahedron".<br />
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Also "new production of ornamental turning ivory of '600" is evidenced by the works of Andrea Pacciani, architect in Parma, by the web <a href="https://www.etsy.com/it/listing/225172225/tornitura-ornamentale-da-un-modello-in" style="background-color: #eeeeee;">https://www.etsy.com/it/listing/225172225/tornitura-ornamentale-da-un-modello-in</a>. A piece "is inspired by a piece of the museum's collection of Rosenborg in Denmark (*). Another piece is inspiered to the drawings of Grollier de Serviere, (1596–1689), French inventor and ornamental turner. <span style="text-align: center;">According to Andrea, "Thanks to the new generation of 3D technologies we could bring back the light of contemporary production about this object collection of great visual impact". That is, new technologies for creating objecs for our modern Wunderkammer.</span></div>
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(*) the reader can see the pieces at <span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="http://www.bobkatsjaunt.com/denmark.html">http://www.bobkatsjaunt.com/denmark.html</a>.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh5RDXAlfEipS41K5xROGydB4J8ZH8B5rK5M_yOnCk9onaWBZ_HP93JVtMwy5t8_xsIG7_4hBHblCsCBFluZfHYsRraaB4nC7EnAvwA5ZMtGRvOXMyOPuQUUa2Yt95FrhyphenhyphenN8KOl4_tb-Rb/s1600/Recueil_d%2527ouvrages_curieux_de_mathematique_et_de_mecanique%253B_ou%252C_Description_du_cabinet_de_monsieur_Grollier_de_Serviere._Avec_pr%25C3%25A8s_de_100_planches_en_taille-douce_%25281751%2529_%252814770689221%2529.jpg"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh5RDXAlfEipS41K5xROGydB4J8ZH8B5rK5M_yOnCk9onaWBZ_HP93JVtMwy5t8_xsIG7_4hBHblCsCBFluZfHYsRraaB4nC7EnAvwA5ZMtGRvOXMyOPuQUUa2Yt95FrhyphenhyphenN8KOl4_tb-Rb/s400/Recueil_d%2527ouvrages_curieux_de_mathematique_et_de_mecanique%253B_ou%252C_Description_du_cabinet_de_monsieur_Grollier_de_Serviere._Avec_pr%25C3%25A8s_de_100_planches_en_taille-douce_%25281751%2529_%252814770689221%2529.jpg" /></a><br />
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A drawing from a book on the works of Grollier de Serviere</div>
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Amelia Carolina Sparavignahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11547167438242656602noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1939399343925103866.post-63325644037333072022017-09-20T09:05:00.001-07:002017-09-20T09:11:21.468-07:00Confronto fra l'Ultima Cena della Cappella Marchionale di Revello ed il Cenacolo di Leonardo da Vinci<br />
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<br /><a href="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01577694/#.WcKRGwrcjXc.blogger" style="background-color: white;">Confronto fra l'Ultima Cena della Cappella Marchionale di Revello ed il Cenacolo di Leonardo da Vinci</a></h2>
<span class="author" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #826b6b; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><a href="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/search/index/q/*/authFullName_s/Amelia+Carolina+Sparavigna" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333366; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Amelia Carolina Sparavigna</a> <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 9px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span> </span><span class="author" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #826b6b; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><a href="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/search/index/q/*/authFullName_s/Lidia+Dastr%C3%B9" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333366; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Lidia Dastrù</a> <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 9px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span> </span><button class="btn btn-default btn-xs opacity" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-radius: 3px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: #333333; cursor: pointer; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; opacity: 0.25; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; transition: 0.25s ease-in-out; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;" type="button">Détails</button><br />
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<span class="structid" style="background: rgb(102 , 102 , 102); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; margin: 0px 4px 0px 0px; padding: 1px 4px;">1</span> <a href="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/search/index/q/*/structId_i/262387/" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333366; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">DISAT - Department of Applied Science and Technology</a></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Résumé</strong> : La Cappella Marchionale di Revello ha una delle sue pareti affrescate con un'Ultima Cena chiaramente ispirata al Cenacolo di Leonardo da Vinci. L'articolo confronta e discute brevemente queste due opere. Dall'impostazione generale dell'affresco di Revello e dai diversi dettagli che in esso fanno riferimento al Cenacolo appare molto plausibile che l'artista aveva visto direttamente l'opera di Leonardo e non una riproduzione a stampa. Una curiosità: l'affresco di Revello mostra che nei piatti sulla tavola dell'Ultima Cena c'era del pesce. Proprio la presenza del pesce sulla tavola del capolavoro di Leonardo è stata proposta dai ricercatori che hanno restaurato il Cenacolo.</div>
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Amelia Carolina Sparavignahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11547167438242656602noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1939399343925103866.post-69518634506766384052017-08-25T00:12:00.000-07:002017-08-25T00:12:04.155-07:00La pietra verde del Viso<span style="background-color: white; color: #616161; font-family: "Open Sans"; font-size: 14px;">Dice Piero Barale, nel suo articolo UN REBUS AI PIEDI DEL MONVISO che l</span><span style="color: #616161; font-family: "Open Sans"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5;">a valle Po, era già frequentata nel Neolitico dai “cercatori della pietra verde”, ossia di </span><span style="color: #616161; font-family: "Open Sans"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5;">Pirosseni-Giadeite, "materiale litico di elevata durezza che veniva estratto nei </span><span style="color: #616161; font-family: "Open Sans"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5;">depositi alluvionali della valle". </span><br />
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<span style="color: #616161; font-family: "Open Sans"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5;">Più informazioni al sito</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="color: #616161; font-family: Open Sans;"><a href="https://sites.google.com/site/pietraverdedelviso/">https://sites.google.com/site/pietraverdedelviso/</a></span></span>Amelia Carolina Sparavignahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11547167438242656602noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1939399343925103866.post-57559284280296647062017-07-15T11:23:00.001-07:002017-07-15T11:23:27.494-07:00Block-notes Archeologia: Let in the Light: Ancient Roman Fort Designed for ...<a href="http://block-notes-archeo-ac-sparavigna.blogspot.com/2017/07/let-in-light-ancient-roman-fort.html?spref=bl">Block-notes Archeologia: Let in the Light: Ancient Roman Fort Designed for ...</a>: " The gateways of an ancient Roman fort in Britain are roughly aligned with the light from the sun during the summer and winter solstic...Amelia Carolina Sparavignahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11547167438242656602noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1939399343925103866.post-49438072819813023182016-06-13T23:43:00.001-07:002016-06-13T23:43:52.183-07:00Whistling Sling Bullets Were Roman Troops' Secret 'Terror Weapon'<a href="http://www.livescience.com/55050-whistling-sling-bullets-from-roman-battle-found.html#sthash.pmZngMjR.cmfs">Whistling Sling Bullets Were Roman Troops' Secret 'Terror Weapon'</a>Amelia Carolina Sparavignahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11547167438242656602noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1939399343925103866.post-21635321367170936492014-07-15T01:51:00.001-07:002014-07-15T01:51:24.509-07:00The Thegns of Mercia: Did Anglo-Saxons use crystal lenses?<a href="http://thethegns.blogspot.it/2011/11/did-anglo-saxons-use-crystal-lenses.html">The Thegns of Mercia: Did Anglo-Saxons use crystal lenses?</a>:<br /><br />
very interesting POSt; see in particular "Greek lens, as seen recently at Rhodes"Amelia Carolina Sparavignahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11547167438242656602noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1939399343925103866.post-87322479972386098532013-12-27T00:18:00.000-08:002018-06-16T03:39:57.585-07:00Trundholm Sun Chariot and Langstrup PlateRead please this post, very interesting<br />
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Les dues vides del Carro Solar de Trundholm, Publicat per Albert<br />
títol del TREBALL DE FINAL DE GRAU, carrera d'Humanitats a la UNIVERSITAT POMPEU FABRA.<br />
at <a href="http://alauniversitat.blogspot.it/2013/11/les-dues-vides-del-carro-solar-de.html"><span style="background-color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: #fff2cc;">http://alauniversitat.blogspot.it/2013/11/les-dues-vides-del-carro-solar-de.html</span></span></a><br />
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And also <a href="http://news.discovery.com/history/archaeology/bronze-age-calendar-120330.htm" style="background-color: #ffe599;">http://news.discovery.com/history/archaeology/bronze-age-calendar-120330.htm</a><br />
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<a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Solvognen-00100.tif/lossy-page1-800px-Solvognen-00100.tif.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="598" data-original-width="800" height="239" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Solvognen-00100.tif/lossy-page1-800px-Solvognen-00100.tif.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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See also: <a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2512"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">http://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2512</span></a><br />
Ancient bronze disks, decorations and calendars, Amelia Carolina Sparavigna<br />
(12 Mar 2012) Recently, it was published that some ancient bronze disks could had been calendars, that is, that their decorations had this function. Here I am discussing an example, the disk of the Trundholm Sun Chariot, proposing a new interpretation of it, giving a calendar of 360 days. Some geometric diagrams concerning the decoration layout are also proposed. Comments: Ancient calendars, ancient time-keeping, Bronze Age, Trundholm Sun Chariot<br />
Cite as: arXiv:1203.2512 [physics.pop-ph]<br />
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See also <a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1203.4103" style="background-color: #ffe599;">http://arxiv.org/abs/1203.4103</a><br />
Number pi from the decoration of the Langstrup plate, Amelia Carolina Sparavigna<br />
(19 Mar 2012), Studies of ancient bronze artifacts can be useful in understanding the progression of human knowledge of mathematics and geometry. Here I discuss the decoration composed by several circles and spirals of the Langstrup belt disk, an artifact of the Bronze Age found in Denmark. I am showing by measurements of diameters and distances of spirals, that the artist who made the decoration knew some approximations by rational numbers of the number pi, the dimensionless physical quantity representing the ratio of circumference to diameter. Comments: Ancient measurements of pi as ratio of circumference and diameters, giving rational numbers,<br />
Cite as: arXiv:1203.4103 [physics.pop-ph]Amelia Carolina Sparavignahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11547167438242656602noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1939399343925103866.post-81411797171794120192013-12-22T00:34:00.001-08:002013-12-22T00:34:33.752-08:00Astrolabio<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="344" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/KLGagtA4wBw" width="459"></iframe>Amelia Carolina Sparavignahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11547167438242656602noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1939399343925103866.post-20830368550582227812013-10-23T23:21:00.001-07:002013-10-23T23:21:16.062-07:00The Spirit of St. Louis<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/The-Spirit-of-St-Louis-Amazing-Journey-228933611.html#.Umi7zsmq5aM.blogger">The Spirit of St. Louis’ Amazing Journey | History & Archaeology | Smithsonian Magazine</a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://media.web.britannica.com/eb-media/42/27142-004-A915C197.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="241" src="http://media.web.britannica.com/eb-media/42/27142-004-A915C197.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Courtesy: Britannica Kids</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: center;">More at http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/art-59895/Charles-Lindbergh-stands-in-front-of-his-monoplane-the-Spirit</div>Amelia Carolina Sparavignahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11547167438242656602noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1939399343925103866.post-2224022614426385552013-10-07T10:28:00.000-07:002013-10-07T10:28:52.868-07:00Music and dance<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij6b5TdI-Tyf5Am4z3T-Pg94gT43siWlIckTt97iNJZJVNnDTrCq6UHQrv-enDv2_OMHJUperEZD-Wi6-qkoEOo9Y1hHXWvNgnYOSLKzm5w6mQGtIryzUYZHCRBqYKyL3aKF3fLc4soxlj/s1600/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="141" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij6b5TdI-Tyf5Am4z3T-Pg94gT43siWlIckTt97iNJZJVNnDTrCq6UHQrv-enDv2_OMHJUperEZD-Wi6-qkoEOo9Y1hHXWvNgnYOSLKzm5w6mQGtIryzUYZHCRBqYKyL3aKF3fLc4soxlj/s400/1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Music and dance, China</div>
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Museo Arte orientale Torino</div>
<br />Amelia Carolina Sparavignahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11547167438242656602noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1939399343925103866.post-40466954329827510112013-10-07T10:20:00.003-07:002013-10-07T10:20:43.015-07:00Bo bell<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7XCMWNqtF0lwoQD_q1ZpEbxvqR4PigKOzaAYiAx_V9Hl0lAKxl3kaamThQblBUyUzwhXnRrAbD-aQALHoEww05tg_wi7Y_A_PPV-W-4vcyypUHDSdTFA1EBG2lqDDdJJqE01LzHhXGSV0/s1600/bo-bell.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7XCMWNqtF0lwoQD_q1ZpEbxvqR4PigKOzaAYiAx_V9Hl0lAKxl3kaamThQblBUyUzwhXnRrAbD-aQALHoEww05tg_wi7Y_A_PPV-W-4vcyypUHDSdTFA1EBG2lqDDdJJqE01LzHhXGSV0/s320/bo-bell.jpg" width="262" /></a></div>
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Bronze bo bell, China, Shaanxi, Eastern Zhou, 5th Century BC </div>
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Mueso Arte Orientale Torino</div>
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This bronze bell is known as a bo. It has a handle in the shape of two dragons. It is played with a hammer and plays two different notes depending on where it is struck.</div>
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More at <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/Fh59-tI4TViuv1RSsx0qhQ">BBC</a></div>
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Probably this is the component of a Bianzhong (simplified Chinese: 编钟; traditional Chinese: 編鐘), an ancient Chinese musical instrument consisting of a set of bronze bells. Below the Bianzhong of the Marquis Yi of Zeng.</div>
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<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Bianzhong.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="230" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Bianzhong.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Thanks Spiritia, Wikipedia</div>
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<br />Amelia Carolina Sparavignahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11547167438242656602noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1939399343925103866.post-16556346035016567362013-10-07T10:03:00.002-07:002013-10-07T10:03:26.458-07:00Leonardo da Vinci and the friction<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Studies of Leonardo da Vinci on friction, from the Arundel Code.</div>
<br />Amelia Carolina Sparavignahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11547167438242656602noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1939399343925103866.post-38895194288002888542013-07-14T04:52:00.002-07:002013-07-14T04:52:57.003-07:00Watchtower<div style="text-align: center;">
Model of a watchtower, Henan, Eastern Han, second half of the 2nd century AD</div>
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Beige-pinkish earthenware with a pale green glaze</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8OypExsUky3dbnb8KcZD5PUM43ZWyhYGkjhEeXx3LMp3H5y5jg2UGLuTr_l1Ujlue98YzunjN2IWnQEdWYZ5WJ2KJigDqPVOiN6sFq55IMbL0yC0cDJfqec_IX2du9Y-sLNAF9TUNVkjy/s1600/DSCN2172.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8OypExsUky3dbnb8KcZD5PUM43ZWyhYGkjhEeXx3LMp3H5y5jg2UGLuTr_l1Ujlue98YzunjN2IWnQEdWYZ5WJ2KJigDqPVOiN6sFq55IMbL0yC0cDJfqec_IX2du9Y-sLNAF9TUNVkjy/s320/DSCN2172.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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Museo d'Arte Orientale Torino</div>
<br />Amelia Carolina Sparavignahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11547167438242656602noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1939399343925103866.post-33016602264638277592013-05-24T12:13:00.000-07:002013-05-24T12:13:10.715-07:00LinothoraxDa Wikipedia<br /> "The linothorax is a modern term conventionally used to describe a type of upper body armor used by the Ancient Greeks, as well as other civilizations, from the Mycenaean Period through the Hellenistic Period. It is based on the Greek λινοθώραξ (in Homer λινοθώρηξ), which strictly is an adjective meaning "wearing a breastplate of linen" (and is not a noun meaning "linen armor" as often stated); the "linothorax" was made of linen, while a "thorax" was made of metal. The earliest attested account of a "linothorax" used for battle is recorded in Book 2 of Homer's Iliad (2.529 and 2.830). It is worn by Ajax the Lesser and is described in brief. Homer, composing long before the great armies of Athens, Thebes, Sparta or Alexander the Great, surely understood what the armor was. But the extent to which it was used can not be fully determined. An educated guess can be made, however, based on its use by Alexander the Great, and its mention by other sources such as Herodotus (2.182, 3.47, 7.63), Livy (4.19.2–20.7) and Strabo (Geography, 3.3.6, 13.1.10), and many others. The linothorax appears to have been used in place of the bronze 'bell cuirass' as the popular choice of armour for Greek hoplites, starting perhaps around the late seventh century and early sixth century B.C. Its high point, if vase paintings, sculptural reliefs and artistic depictions are to be believed, corresponds with the time of the Persian Wars. By the time of the Peloponnesian War it was still used, and continued to seemingly flourish well into the Hellenistic Period."Amelia Carolina Sparavignahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11547167438242656602noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1939399343925103866.post-9303984443898687922013-03-29T04:52:00.001-07:002013-03-29T04:52:12.969-07:00Excavator<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Johannes de Fontana: Bellicorum instrumentorum liber cum figuris<br /> BSB Cod.icon. 242 Venedig 1420 - 1430<br /> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Fontana_(engineer)</div>
<br />Amelia Carolina Sparavignahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11547167438242656602noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1939399343925103866.post-25023393419651803082013-03-29T04:26:00.001-07:002013-03-29T04:50:07.593-07:00Belli Instrumentum - 2<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Johannes de Fontana: Bellicorum instrumentorum liber cum figuris</div>
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BSB Cod.icon. 242 Venedig 1420 - 1430</div>
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Fontana_(engineer)</div>
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<br />Amelia Carolina Sparavignahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11547167438242656602noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1939399343925103866.post-19151655082809046402013-03-29T04:17:00.002-07:002013-03-29T04:27:17.075-07:00Belli Instrumentum - 1<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfUms7DQaH9RMqwo4kAxWqM0I3EK3zGUbd_p3xqX03daLVYVZ0nDW70GUn1eOID145-Xym9CLBB2qE_gk4LjQmjwHc5L-gaavvuucJUDhl3rEYeowmYWHtangzAkDj64ZZU5qkYSa_LURj/s1600/macchina-da-guerra-r-w.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfUms7DQaH9RMqwo4kAxWqM0I3EK3zGUbd_p3xqX03daLVYVZ0nDW70GUn1eOID145-Xym9CLBB2qE_gk4LjQmjwHc5L-gaavvuucJUDhl3rEYeowmYWHtangzAkDj64ZZU5qkYSa_LURj/s400/macchina-da-guerra-r-w.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Johannes de Fontana: Bellicorum instrumentorum liber cum figuris</div>
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BSB Cod.icon. 242 Venedig 1420 - 1430</div>
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Fontana_(engineer)</div>
<br />Amelia Carolina Sparavignahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11547167438242656602noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1939399343925103866.post-87725530456759949732013-03-28T01:20:00.001-07:002013-03-28T01:25:32.199-07:00A door“It’s a magic wardrobe. There’s a wood inside it, and it’s snowing! Come and see,” begged Lucy.<br />
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This is the door to Narnia in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, by C.S.Lewis<br />
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<a href="http://block-notes-art-literat.blogspot.it/2011/01/doors-to-aslan.html" style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">http://block-notes-art-literat.blogspot.it/2011/01/doors-to-aslan.html</span></a><br />
<br />Amelia Carolina Sparavignahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11547167438242656602noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1939399343925103866.post-21868256344126376982013-03-27T13:07:00.001-07:002013-12-27T02:25:37.823-08:00The Moon, the Witch and the Round Box "The Clouds" is a comedy written by the celebrated playwright Aristophanes. It was originally produced in 423 BC and it was not well received. It was revised between 420-417 BC and thereafter it was circulated in manuscript form. In this comedy we find a magic box and a burning lens.<br />
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The plot is the following. Faced with legal action for non-payment of debts, Strepsiades, an elderly Athenian, enrolls his son in the "thinkeria" so that he might learn the rhetorical skills necessary to defeat their creditors in court. In the school, Strepsiades met Socrates. ...Let me write a dialog between them in the translation by William James Hickie.<br />
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"Strep. I have got a device for cheating them of the interest.<br />
Soc. Exhibit it.<br />
Strep. Now tell me this, pray; if I were to purchase a Thessalian witch, and draw down the moon by night, and then shut it up, in a round case, like a mirror, and then carefully keep it. [Για πες μου τούτο ακόμη: Αν πληρώσω [λόγου χάρι] μια μαγίστρα Θεσσαλή, και τη νύχτα το φεγγάρι κατεβάσω και το κλείσω σε μια θήκη στρογγυλή (round box), και το έχω σαν καθρέφτη (mirror )]<br />
Soc. What good, pray, would this do you?<br />
Strep. What? If the moon were to rise no longer anywhere, I should not pay the interest.<br />
Soc. Why so, pray?<br />
Strep. Because the money is lent out by the month.<br />
Soc. Capital! But I will again propose to you another clever question. If a suit of five talents should be entered against you, tell me how you would obliterate it.<br />
Strep. How? How? I do not know but I must seek.<br />
Soc. Do not then always revolve your thoughts about yourself; but slack away your mind into the air, like a cock-chafer tied with a thread by the foot.<br />
Strep. I have found a very clever method of getting rid of my suit, so that you yourself would acknowledge it.<br />
Soc. Of what description?<br />
Strep. Have you ever seen this stone in the chemist's shops, the beautiful and transparent one, from which they kindle fire? <br />
Soc. Do you mean the burning-glass?<br />
Strep. I do. Come what would you say, pray, if I were to take this, when the clerk was entering the suit, and were to stand at a distance, in the direction of the<br />
sun, thus, and melt out the letters of my suit?<br />
Soc. Cleverly done, by the Graces! ... and so on, until Socrates concludes "You talk nonsense".Amelia Carolina Sparavignahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11547167438242656602noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1939399343925103866.post-3253707913857623642013-03-27T12:58:00.002-07:002013-03-27T13:00:49.077-07:00Visby lens"The Vikings could have been using a telescope hundreds of years before Dutch spectacle makers supposedly invented the device in the late 16th century.... The late Dr Karl-Heinz Wilms first heard of the so-called "Visby" lens in 1990 when he was searching for exhibits for a Munich museum. It was named after the major town on Gotland. Dr Wilms found a picture of the lens in a book and planned to examine the original. ..." From Did the Vikings make a telescope? BBC Science<br />
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/702478.stm<br />
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<br />Amelia Carolina Sparavignahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11547167438242656602noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1939399343925103866.post-23285544219735647432013-03-27T12:53:00.005-07:002013-07-19T08:46:03.144-07:00Liath Meisicith<br />
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From "The Mystery of Fire", by Manly Palmer Hall, </div>
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The burning glass of Druids<br />
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<br />Amelia Carolina Sparavignahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11547167438242656602noreply@blogger.com